This article provides an introduction to polyurea chemistry. It reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these interesting polymers in adhesive and sealant applications. Formulation principles are given to achieve adhesive and sealant products... (1 Member Reaction)

Increasing concern about volatile organic compound emissions, embodied in building standards like LEED and Greenguard, are encouraging the uptake of high-solids adhesives. Use of surfactants and other stabilizers allow fillers to supplement the high...

Industrie Chimiche Forestali (ICF) has been engaged since 1918 in the production and trading of adhesives dedicated to the Footwear Industry. ICF is at the forefront of the shoe market in term of environmentally-friendly materials. The Merquinsa...

According to a recent report from the Freedonia Group, demand for medical and dental adhesives and sealants in the US is forecast to rise 7.6% per year to $1.8 billion in 2011 (from $1.3 billion in 2007 and $1.5 billion in 2009). The best...

This article will focus on the use of soybean proteins in adhesive systems. The major market opportunity is as a wood adhesive or as a binder in the manufacture of wood composites in the construction industry. Currently much attention is being paid...

Waxes are one of the key components that the power of a hot melt adhesives rests upon. While they primarily lower the viscosity of the formulation, they can perform additional functions like improving bond strength and temperature resistance.... (2 Member Reactions)

The ChemQuest Group, Inc. estimates the US adhesive market for assembly of disposable medical devices to have been $61 million in 2008 (11% AGR over the last 5 years). The global market was estimated to be about $120 million that same year, with...

This article will review some of the recent advances in snap cure adhesive systems. Differences in these formulations over more conventional structural adhesives will be identified. Entry markets for snap cure adhesives and their performance...

Trialkylborane catalysts and their amine complexes are hydrolytically and oxidatively unstable, decomposing in water very rapidly to trialkylboroxin, borate esters, and boric acid. However, trialkylborane-amine complexes will rapidly partition to a...

The first official green home building program began in 1985 as a city-wide energy-efficiency initiative in Austin, TX. The Green Building Program was the country's first comprehensive program to encourage using sustainable building techniques in...

The developer of the display for Amazon's Kindle electronic book reader has faced big problems caused by its choice of polyurethane laminating adhesive. It seems that it has tackled these by developing their own, including an entirely new kind of... (1 Member Reaction)

This article reviews generally the principles of bonding composite structures. The advantages and disadvantages for adhesive bonding of composite materials are summarized. The commonly employed adhesives, surface preparation processes, and...

Polyurethanes make tough, durable adhesives, and adding polyurethane functionality to other adhesives is a great way to tailor their properties. The isocyanate monomers used to produce them can sometimes be too reactive, so blocked isocyanates offer...

This article reviews the formulation of butyl sealants for various applications. It will focus on the applications characteristics and performance properties of common butyl sealant formulations that are used in industry. Butyl rubber is an...

Despite the kind of "oily" organic compounds that many might consider inherently water-repellent being the primary constituents of adhesives, dealing with moisture remains a major, severe challenge. Existing solutions include careful choice of...

This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of silyl terminated construction sealants and provides information on formulation practices. Both silylated polyether (MS polymers) and silylated polyurethane polymers (SPUR) are considered.... (5 Member Reactions)

Poly-what? It's a question we probably all ask ourselves the first time we hear the word "polymer". They're the basis of all adhesives, and how they're made has a big impact on final bonding properties. Whether you're a novice, or an expert... (2 Member Reactions)

This article explains the necessity of epoxy hybridization and then focuses on the use of polyurethane elastomers to modify epoxy resin adhesives. The various approaches that have been employed in the past are reviewed and the resulting properties... (3 Member Reactions)

Polyurethane adhesives have been widely used in conjunction with glass, with car manufacturers exploiting them since the 1960s. Silicone adhesives, meanwhile, are popular for bonding glass in construction applications. Both are well established, but... (3 Member Reactions)

This article reviews the requirements for compostable (biodegradable) adhesives in several applications including food packaging. The importance of composting to the environment, standards for determining the compostability of adhesives, and the... (1 Member Reaction)

The world is changing. Resources once considered endless are becoming both limited and costly. For example, adhesives are produced using petroleum, energy and water. Recent adhesive cost increases of 10-25%, along with a decrease in the...

Adhesives are largely comprised of the kind of organic chemicals that have a reputation for flammability, yet they are used in many environments where they may be exposed to burning. By using the right adhesive formulations it is possible to not only... (3 Member Reactions)

Adhesives that cure via ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) radiation have become popular in recent years due to their environmental characteristics as well as their effect on the corporation’s profitability. UV and EB processes contribute to the... (1 Member Reaction)

Waterborne polyurethanes combine good adhesion characteristics with inherently low emissions of volatile organic compounds. Hybrid systems are increasingly being used, in which a number of reaction stages, including radical polymerisation, occur in... (3 Member Reactions)

Packaging that provides a strong barrier to the passage of gases or moisture is vital for many products. Barrier films, generally manufactured by bonding different films together to form a laminate, are necessary for the packaging high-value... (1 Member Reaction)

Recent decades have seen a trend towards adhesive bonding in electronics, away from mechanical attachment. As the industrial segment today where perhaps the most desirable consumer items are offered, there is a need for attachment systems capable of...

Market Overview & Silicone Performances Although some common Western countries' trends, such as Health cost-containment policies, resources rationalization and increasing energy costs, have a tendency to slow down the medical industry's growth, all...

Long before the end of a lengthy car trip, my young son would usually cry, "Daddy, are we there yet". I would usually respond with something like, "We will be there soon, please be patient". I am afraid this type of dialog also is often associated...

In the 1960s, a Swedish scientist named Dahlquist3 observed a minimum level of compliance that a PSA must have in order for it to exhibit tack. This observation can also be interpreted as a maximum value of the modulus, the measure of the stiffness...

It's no wonder that phenolic resins have been used for nearly a century in the adhesives industry. They are the oldest of the synthetic polymers being developed in 1872 and first achieving commercialization in 1908. Phenolic resins have and will... (6 Member Reactions)

The LEED - Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design - standard is increasingly being adopted in the US building industry. It provides accreditation for environmentally sustainable buildings that deliver benefits from efficient use of resources and... (3 Member Reactions)

The ability of an adhesive joint to withstand a sudden load is of interest in a wide variety of applications. The automotive and the electronics industries are just two of the major adhesive markets that place a high value on impact resistance. In... (1 Member Reaction)

Concerns about structural composites' long-term durability and reliability have seen them overlooked in aviation and transport applications. Yet they are lighter than the aluminium and other materials that find favour instead, so alleviating these... (1 Member Reaction)

Solvents and diluents are used to lower the viscosity of epoxy resins systems to either permit easy compounding with other ingredients or to aid in application of the adhesive onto a substrate. Both solvents and diluents are low molecular weight... (1 Member Reaction)

Pressure sensitive adhesives are unique in that they do not undergo any physical transformation or chemical reaction during their bonding processes. Instead, their properties are entirely controlled by their base polymer and the other components...

It is the duty of all responsible chemical companies to find ways to reduce their carbon footprint as much as possible. In many cases this is easier said than done, but when it comes to training staff there is a simple solution - online...

Growing concern over volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other emissions is motivating adhesive and sealant formulators to capture and recycle solvents, reduce solvent use, or switch to solvents with better environmental profiles. Although... (1 Member Reaction)

To microelectronic engineers, BCB stands for benzocyclobutene, a polymeric material that combines bonding capability with appropriate electronic properties for chip manufacturing. Yet the reason that this base material - more accurately known as...

There are various generic families of sealant materials, and many methods are used to classify them. Properties and performance characteristics can vary considerably within each type. There are over 15 families of base polymers that are used,...

As the global financial crisis continues the domino effects are being weighed up all around the world, from large players in the chemical industry to small and medium sized companies. Nobody knows the extent to which developments may affect them, but...

While many people might assume that adhesive tape exists only in office use, for sealing parcels and performing do-it-yourself tasks, the largest application for tapes is sealing packaging cartons. Furthermore, carton manufacturing is one of the key...

Many formulation factors influence the performance properties of UV curing pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). This article is meant to serve as a primer for formulating these useful adhesives that are found everywhere. There are several basic... (1 Member Reaction)

Teflon could rightly be called one of the chemicals of the 20th century, making good on DuPont's promise to deliver "Better Living Through Chemistry". The use of polytetrafluoroethylene's (PTFE) non-stick and chemical resistant properties have become...

A wide range of materials and formulations are available for preparing sealant products that meet a specific need. Most sealant formulations, however, are a compromise. That is, manufacturers formulate their products to meet a variety of...

Most scientists become familiar with reading and writing technical documents such as research papers and reports at an early stage in their careers. Not so with patents, where skill in reading tends to come later in a career and after direct...

Extrusion coating is a process of applying a molten thermoplastic material onto a substrate such as film, foil, paper, or fabric. The performance of the resulting structure depends significantly on the degree of adhesion achieved between the coating...

The term "Safe as houses" has come into the English language due to the comparative long-term stability of the housing market. This in turn has made construction one of the most lucrative industries around, and adhesive manufacturers have long sold...

As polyurethane adhesive chemists will attest, the reactivity of isocyanates simultaneously makes them both highly useful and highly toxic reagents. However, in today's safety conscious world the use of isocyanates is becoming more restricted. One... (3 Member Reactions)

Asphalt or bitumen materials have had wide application in the adhesives and sealants industry for many years. In fact, they were used as hot melt coatings for construction as early as 6000 B.C. because of their waterproofing properties. (Many believe... (1 Member Reaction)

While in many circumstances strength and ease of application is the bottom line for adhesive manufacturers, in others it is more important that the appearance is right. In fact, fastening materials together in an attractive manner often drives...

The EU's REACH regulation has a clear message: meet the requirements or you will not be able to produce in, export to, or market within the EU. Is your company able to meet this challenge? The new European Union chemicals regulation came into force...

Maximizing coating line speed is an obvious approach to improving manufacturing economics for the adhesive converter. Adhesive coatings are often applied to continuous web material through the use of high-speed coating devices. However, optimal speed... (1 Member Reaction)

As we approach the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the flat screen TV is arguably the most obvious advance that has been made beyond 20th century technology. It's appropriate then that in this characteristically modern product, we find... (1 Member Reaction)

Molecular sieves may be the original nanomaterial. They have been used for decades by adhesive and sealant formulators to modify compounds on a nano - or molecular level. They are primarily used as desiccants to scavenge water molecules that could...

The heroic tale of how humble superglue saved lives in Vietnam by providing a quick way to close wounds and stop bleeding is surprisingly widely told – and almost too good to believe1. Today various tissue adhesives, including superglue-style...

Natural formulations are a well known stalwart of the adhesive industry, with highly specified applications that include around 30 percent of the market for adhesives that do not use volatile solvents.1 Equally well known are the limits of natural...

Styrene butadiene block copolymers (SBCs) are useful base polymers for the formulation of sealants because of their unique combination of strength and elastomeric properties. Generally, SBC sealants can be formulated with movement capability between...

Amongst the many world-changing discoveries made thanks to the journey of Columbus to America, rubber is one of the more overlooked. However, starting from its introduction to Europe and the subsequent invention of the first rubber/solvent suspension...

Static electricity can be a major problem with certain adhesive products such as pressure sensitive coatings, laminating films, and other sheet or film products. Static electricity generally does not come from the adhesive coating but from a...

Most tests of adhesive strength examine linear or peel stress1, which induce cracking and drive adhesives to the point of failure. When cracks develop either adhesive or cohesive failure can result and over the years extensive mathematical...

Vinyl ester resins are thermosetting resins that consist of a styrene monomer and the addition products of epoxy resins and methacrylic acid. As a result, they are sometimes referred to as "epoxy vinyl esters". They are somewhere between epoxies and...

When I first learnt about adhesive formulation, one of the less technical rules-of-thumb that I was given compared my employer's processes with cake-baking. Polymer fluids were analogous to milk and water, solid fillers to flour, crosslinkers to egg...

In the electronics industry thermally-conductive adhesives serve the dual purposes of bonding materials together and transferring heat away from electronics components to printed wiring boards and heat sinks. By keeping the operating temperature of...

Hydrocolloid adhesives are unique in that they can act as an adhesive, and they are also capable of absorbing fluids without losing their adhesion. These are multiphase polymeric structures that consist of a continuous rubbery phase into which is...

Adhesives and sealants that are based on styrene butadiene block copolymers are both useful and unusual. They have the solubility and thermoplastic nature of polystyrene; while at ambient temperature, it has the toughness and resilience of an...

Silicones have a very particular set of properties that give them an important niche in the adhesive industry1. They are chemically resistant, water repellant, stable at temperatures up to 300°C, and physically strong. In comparison to epoxy-based...

Solar power remains a technology of the future, despite more than thirty years having been spent on its development.Throughout its lifetime, questions have been raised about how applicable adhesives are to the assembly of these advanced products, yet...

There are many ways to classify hot melt adhesives. One method is by their formulation capability. In this classification scheme hot melt adhesives are divided into two classes: 1. Those that depend on formulation with modifiers or additives for...

The endless variety and adaptability of polyurethane (PU) along with its continued contribution to our daily lives, makes its importance and hence demand to increase in comparison with other thermosetting polymer materials. Polyurethane plays a...

Although the general public may not realize it, they come into contact everyday with one of the most demanding applications for adhesives - books. Adhesives are used in the manufacture of books principally for the binding, but they are also used in... (1 Member Reaction)

As Lewis acids, organotin (IV) compounds have been a popular choice to perform the catalysis common to a number of adhesive polymerisation systems. Silicone and epoxy systems alike rely on the right pH to elicit their respective hydrolytic and...

Modern packaging materials make possible distribution, extended storage, and convenient sale of food products. The increasing use of adhesives in packaging has focused attention on the potential effect that these materials or their components might...

The shoe industry demands an impressive array of adhesives due to variations in materials, processes, types of footwear, and seasonal design changes. Equally impressive is the performance demands placed on adhesives in this industry. These include a...

Boat building was the first industry that started to use composites and to assemble it by bonding, starting in the fifties and sixties in USA. These composites were at that time only glass reinforced plastics, and the plastic matrixes were only based...

Water borne adhesives, derived from emulsion polymerization processes, are particularly susceptible to performance loss on exposure to high humidity conditions. The achievement of performance properties similar to solvent-based adhesive has for a...

Generally, discoloration is not a critically important criterion for adhesives since the bond line is often unseen and hidden within a joint design. However, in certain applications discoloration is very detrimental and a difficult challenge to...

Admixtures for mortar and concrete consist of chemicals, minerals (fly ash, slag, etc.), and particulates (principally organic fiber). These admixtures are generally added to mortar or concrete materials before or during mixing for the purpose of...

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesives have become one of the most important adhesives in the woodworking industry. Commonly known as "white glue", this adhesive's many advantages include low cost, fast set, high dry bond strength, simplicity of...

Mortar and concrete made with Portland cement have been popular construction materials for housing and infrastructure for over 170 years. At first glance their longevity and popularity seems obvious. These materials consist of inexpensive powders...

Polyisobutylene can be used as either a base polymer or as a modifier in a variety of adhesive or sealant formulations. Polyisobutylene is a synthetic hydrocarbon that is manufactured by polymerizing isobutylene. These resins have similar properties... (1 Member Reaction)

Heat-sealing adhesives are thermoplastic materials that can be coated onto substrate surfaces and later reactivated by heat and pressure. They differ from conventional hot melt adhesives that are applied in the molten state and cooled between...

A release liner is a critical element in a pressure sensitive adhesive product - perhaps as important as the adhesive itself. Pressure sensitive tapes, labels, and transfer films must be protected from accidental contact with other surfaces. They...

Searching for light pleasure reading? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration food contact safety regulations and the EU plastic directive don't qualify. A single example from one of the FDA's 21 CFR chapters illustrates why: "...polyester epoxy...

Emballage 2006 was again a major international exhibition for Packaging machines, techniques and materials. With 2200 exhibiting companies and more than 100 000 visitors it is considered as the largest packaging show in 2006, worldwide. Visitors came...

Hot melt adhesives are increasingly becoming popular because of their fast setting speed, relatively low cost (materials and processing), and low environmental impact. Hot melt adhesive systems also have broad formulation latitude so that a...

With so many products to choose from, making sure you select the proper sealant is especially important. Selecting the wrong industrial sealant, or applying the correct sealant in the wrong manner, can have serious consequences. Keep the eventual...

Epoxy resins are valuable to the adhesive formulator because they can create useful mixtures with many other polymers. Acrylate resins are only one of several families that are compatible with epoxy chemistry. Acrylate monomers are extremely...

Under constant pressure to improve manufacturing processes, manufacturers face the challenge of selecting from an array of sealing technologies. In addition to traditional adhesive tapes and liquid sealants, manufacturers can now choose among a new...

Two component (2K) polyurethanes have an established position as high performance adhesives, sealants, and coatings. However, 2K systems may be inappropriate for a given application because of metering and mixing equipment costs or because of...

During the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the development of biodegradable polymers. These materials have been developed in a variety of forms, and thus have potential uses in a range of industries. Many of these polymers...

It's a competitive time for specialty tape makers, with many companies jockeying for position as innovation and customer cost pressures usher in new opportunities. A company's specialty tapes have to be on the mark or competitors have the knowledge...

In previous chapters we have studied several types of adhesives for composites: epoxies, polyesters, structural acrylics... We are now studying other types available. Polyurethane chemistry is a very wide subject, PU enjoy a very versatile...

Innovative raw materials developed by Bayer MaterialScience AG make possible the formulation of thermoactivated adhesives for an extended range of applications - and they also join metal and plastic better than ever before thanks to a waterborne...

The completely cured adhesive or sealant is generally considered to be safe and non-toxic, although caution must be exerted when machining, grinding, etc. joints due to the proliferation of air-borne particles. Also, decomposition products may...

In this section, we will study several types of structural adhesives which are used for the assembly of composites: Acrylics, Polyesters, and others. These are also called "engineering acrylics" or "structural acrylics", in order to differentiate it...

In this section, we will study the adhesives which are used for bonding the most important composite materials: * thermosetting composites based on epoxy matrixes, the main market being those used for aircraft parts, * thermosetting...

An important and often overlooked function of polymeric adhesives is their ability to restore worn or damaged structures to their original integrity. Adhesive systems have long been utilized by the military for emergency repairs to aircraft, naval...

The ability of adhesives and sealants to bond to concrete surfaces has become a subject of renewed interest. This has been due to several reasons. The fields of adhesives and sealants have certainly experienced significant growth, and a significant... (1 Member Reaction)

Since the introduction of waterborne sealants in the 1960s, acrylic emulsion formulations have matured commercially as intermediate performance architectural sealants. Some of the earlier problems that had been associated with the earlier waterborne...

In this chapter, we will study the assembly and the adhesive bonding of 2 kinds of composites: 1. primary composite materials are those made of polymer matrixes reinforced with fibers such as glass, carbon or aramid fibers, 2. secondary composites...

Commonly known as "water-glass", soluble sodium silicates are colorless low cost inorganic materials. When used as adhesives, liquid silicates offer significantly low cost, versatility, and ease of handling. Their main use is to bond porous... (1 Member Reaction)

Adhesives formulators and product managers in the nonwovens industry are increasingly concerned by the cost and viability of their existing nonwoven adhesive formulations. The continued rising cost of petrochemicals and their derivatives, coupled...

Rubber-to-metal bonding is a term that is generally used to describe the process of establishing an adhesive bond between a metal substrate and an elastomer simultaneously with the cure of the elastomer itself. In other words, the elastomer molding... (1 Member Reaction)

Aluminum is an almost ideal substrate for adhesives. It has a high surface energy and is very resistant to most environments. It is also a material with good formability and high strength-to-weight ratio that can benefit greatly from properties...

All these techniques are used to decorate wood based panels or even wood ( such as cheap wood ) in order to obtain the aspect of true and expensive woods by using nice wood veneers or decorative films and laminates. In this technique, a high...

This report is a review of the pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) survey that was conducted by SpecialChem4Adhesives during April-May, 2005. The survey was targeted to global adhesive converters participating in the tape and label markets. This report...

Certain epoxy adhesives are capable of being "B-staged". A B-staged resin is one in which a limited reaction between the resin and hardener has taken place so that the product is in a semi-cured state. This partial reaction can occur either at room... (1 Member Reaction)

Silicone polymers display an exceptionally wide range of chemistries and physical properties. These polymers can be low viscosity liquids, crosslinkable elastomers, or hard solids. Adhesives and sealants represent only one major class of commercial... (1 Member Reaction)

We start now to study Furniture adhesives and bonding techniques. The first step in Furniture manufacturing is to decorate panels by bonding a decorative veneer ( true wood veneer ) or film or other laminates to the base panels which may be: wood,...

Bitumens or asphaltic materials have been used as adhesives and sealants for many centuries. Modern formulations utilize both thermosetting and thermoplastic resins to improve their properties. These adhesives are generally supplied as...

Dihydrazides are represented by the active group: where R is can be any polyvalent organic radical, preferably one derived from a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic-acid esters are reacted with hydrazine hydrate in an alcohol solution using a catalyst and...

Polymers have been used as additives in cement mortars and concrete since the 1920s when natural rubber latex was added to road paving materials.1 Since then, there has been considerable development of polymer modification for cement and concrete.... (1 Member Reaction)

Although the idea of environmentally conscious building is as old as architecture itself, people tend to associate the concept with a lifestyle radically different from the mainstream. Green building is, however, a growing trend and does not have to...

Non-uniform stresses within the adhesive joint can significantly reduce the maximum strength of the joint. Non-uniform stress distributions generally cannot be eliminated, but they can be reduced through proper joint design and selection of certain...

For many applications, such as flexible packaging, the use of a single material may not satisfy all of the properties demanded of the product. In these cases, a composite consisting of two or more layers of material may provide the desired... (1 Member Reaction)

In a recent article presented in SpecialChem4Adhesives the future evolution of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes was discussed.1 This current article is a companion piece on the winds of change that may affect the pressure sensitive label...

Today we will study bonds and products which require resistance to humidity and water, such as doors, windows, sandwich panels, exterior panels for wood houses, and also some products which are made in primary woodworking plants such as laminated...

It is important to monitor the winds of change that are occurring in the pressure sensitive adhesives area. For those who pay attention, this course of action offers new business opportunities, and those who pay no attention risk business...

The transportation market is one of the larger markets employing adhesive bonding. A subset of that market segment is the marine industry. Although adhesive bonding has been slower to develop in boating or shipbuilding than in aircraft or automotive...

Nonwoven fabrics are fibrous webs where the individual fibers are bonded together. The bonding process replaces the weaving that is used to manufacture traditional woven textiles. By virtue of the variety of materials and processing methods...

Some adhesive and sealant formulations may provide limited bond strength on certain substrates or poor durability in moist environments. Generally, attempts are made to overcome these problems through adhesive formulation and by substrate surface...

In this section, we will now study some bonding operations which are made in primary and secondary woodworking jobs. Secondary woodworking includes millwork ( I beams, doors and windows ), manufacture of decorative panels and sandwich panels. This...

Plastisols are liquid dispersions of a finely divided thermoplastic resin, generally polyvinyl chloride, in a plasticizer. These resulting pastes are highly viscous mixtures that on heating become homogenized so that a single solid phase results....

Fillers are used in sealant products to reduce the cost of materials, and to act as both a rheology modifier and reinforcement agent. Many materials are used as fillers and differ in both effectiveness and cost. Since the filler may be as much as 40%...

In certain applications, such as those that exist in the electrical and electronic industries, adhesive systems must have a certain degree of electrical and / or thermal conductivity. Electrical conductivity is, of course, important in adhesives that...

In this section we will now study a first series of applications and end uses: panels manufacturing and primary woodworking. Primary woodworking encompasses adhesives and binders for the production of various types of boards and panels: 1. softwood...

The use of waterborne adhesives, especially synthetic emulsions, has grown enormously in recent times. This has been driven primarily by the need to find alternatives for solvent based adhesives due to their adverse environmental consequences. Other...

A pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is a polymeric material applied between two layers to form a bond with the desired cohesive strength upon applying light pressure.1 The ability to form a bond and resist debonding from a substrate determines...

Foaming is a problem that plagues many industries from food processing to adhesives. Waterborne adhesives are especially prone to the troubles and expensive consequences created by foaming. These experiences have increasingly worsened as converters...

Pine chemicals are renewable, naturally occurring materials derived from the pine tree (genus Pinus). The range of chemical classes obtained from pine trees includes numerous plant sterols, terpenes (or turpentine), resin acids (or rosin) and fatty...

These adhesives or glues have been developed a long time ago: urea-formaldehyde ( UF ) and phenolics (PF) started in the years 1920, melamine-formaldehyde ( MF ) and resorcinol-formaldehyde ( RF )a little bit later. However all are still in use, in... (1 Member Reaction)

Attention nonwovens brand owners, product managers and salespeople: take the nonwoven product that you make, market or sell, hold it up, and examine it. Think carefully about how all of its parts - be they unique fibers, layers, finishes, elastics or...

Adhesives that cure quickly on exposure to light have achieved widespread acceptance in a number of industries where significant value is placed on high-speed manufacturing. In addition to their rapid cure, these adhesives are noted by their easy...

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have become a part of everyday life. We find them on many of the products we purchase as primary labels, price stickers and UPC labels. We use them in the form of plastic bandages, duct tape and clear package...

Thermal analysis is a series of powerful analytical techniques designed to characterize the thermal, physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of materials. Although applicable to almost all materials, thermal analysis is especially...

Radiation curing refers to polymerization induced by radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) light, electron beam (EB), or visible light. Like thermal polymerization methods, radiation curing transforms a low viscosity liquid into a crosslinked solid.... (1 Member Reaction)

Automotive manufacturers and tiered suppliers are constantly searching for faster and better ways to manufacture cars and subcomponents while reducing weight, eliminating noise, and decreasing costs. Historically, automobiles assembled exclusively...

Nonwoven fabrics may be defined as fibrous webs that are bonded together by the addition of chemicals or by fusion of some constituent fibers, to impart strength and integrity to the final product. These planar textile structures can be made of...

ln parts 3 and 4, we will now study the different chemical types of adhesives which are specifically used in Woodworking and furniture, we will provide their technical characteristics and explain for which applications they are used. ln this part 3...

Cure monitoring of adhesives is used to improve the efficiency of processing, for quality assurance, and to study the curing process. Knowledge of the degree of cure is extremely important with respect to the final properties that the adhesive joint...

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is nothing new. Applications for the non-destructive evaluation of adhesive joints date back to the early 1970s. The first pioneers used ultrasonic and infrared methods to detect voids and loose bonds in poorly made...

A variety of polymers, both thermosets as well as thermoplastics, can be blended and co-reacted with epoxy resins to provide for a specific set of desired properties. The most common of these are nitrile, phenolic, nylon, polysulfide, and...

Although other adhesive technologies and forms, such as hot melts, have taken some market share in recent years, natural-based waterborne adhesives are still very popular, are growing in volume and will be used for many years to come. They are the...

The primary function of a diluent in an epoxy resin formulation is to reduce its viscosity to either make it easier to compound with fillers, improve filler loading capacity, or to improve application properties. Solvents, certain curing agents, and...

There are several common types of polyurethane adhesives. They can be classified primarily as reactive and nonreactive types and they are summarized in Table 1. This article will discuss mainly the thermoplastic polyurethanes that are used in solvent...

Rheology is the science of deformation and flow of matter. The study of adhesion is often referred to as multidisciplined, and rheology is as important as any other discipline when studying adhesive systems. However, rheology is elusive for many...

For any bonding process, there are always some 8 steps that should be done: * surface preparation of the materials, * preparation of the adhesive or binder, for instance mixing if it is a 2 components adhesive, * application of the...

Sealants are generally chosen for their ability to fill gaps, resist relative movement of the substrates, and exclude or contain another material. Sealants are generally lower in strength than adhesives, but have better flexibility. Usually, a...

Historically, fire resistance has not generally been a significant requirement when specifying adhesive systems. Recent incidents, however, tend to show that this may soon change. These include events outside of the formulators' arena, such as...

Nanotechnology refers to the research and development of materials that contain structures or features that have at least one length scale ranging from molecular to approximately 100 nm, and which exhibit improved or novel properties that are the...

Coupling agents and adhesion promoters represent a group of specialty bifunctional compounds that can react chemically with both the substrate and the adhesive. The term "coupling agent" refers generally to additives that work on fillers and...

Solvent cementing techniques can readily join many thermoplastics. A variety of solvents are available, and when used correctly they can provide bond strengths of up to 100 percent that of the plastic substrate. However, their effect on the plastic... (1 Member Reaction)

Worldwide, the adhesive and sealant market grew 3% in 2003 over 2002 in spite of the economic recession affecting industrialized markets in North America, Japan and Western Europe. Contributing to this increase was the unprecedented growth of the...

Waterborne epoxy dispersions have been employed effectively for many years in the coatings market primarily for the surface protection of concrete and metals. These products were developed in response to environmental regulations to reduce solvent...

Wood furniture and wood construction have been used by mankind probably since 10000 years. In the past, wood was assembled by mechanical assembly such as dovetails, tenon and mortise, tongue and groove, and then the assembly was secured by nails or...

Internal stresses within the adhesive or sealant joint can significantly reduce the inherent adhesive strength. Internal stresses can occur on setting or curing, but they may also develop due to the joint's aging in service. For example, internal...

Modern technology has developed flooring materials with qualities and finishes that have never before been available. Floor coverings are fabricated from many different construction materials including: * Wood, * Resilient materials (e.g.,...

There has been an upward trend in the amount of plastics that are being used in industries such as automotive, sporting goods, medical, and electronic. This trend has been influenced by the drive to reduce weight and lower systems costs through...

Civil engineering works use only concrete, steel and road surfacing coatings ( asphalt or bitumen ). In Construction Sealants - Part I we have discussed the expansion coefficients and movements of concrete and steel in Buildings. In civil...

One of the major disadvantages of using structural adhesives is the cost and time required for long cure cycles. The number of fixtures, energy use, and production times (either at room temperature or in an oven) required for structural adhesives...

Roofing is one of the largest applications for adhesives and sealants in the building and construction industry. Roofing cements are mainly asphalt or coal tar based materials, but synthetic rubber based adhesives are also used. Similarly, modern...

Pressure sensitive adhesives are mainly classified into three types: waterborne, hot melt, and solvent borne. The waterborne and hot melt technologies dominate the market due to the environmental concerns and government regulations relative to...

This is the largest use of sealants if we include the sealing of double insulated windows, which is studied later in this chapter. We will first study the standard glazing of windows. Windows were mostly made of wood frames and some aluminum frames...

Weldbonding is a hybrid method of assembly that utilizes both the welding and adhesive bonding processes. Weldbonding is claimed to provide the advantages of both processes while minimizing the disadvantages. The benefits of instant strength and high...

Epoxy adhesives are most commonly used as liquids or pastes. However, certain types of epoxies can be employed in the form of a solid. The components in these adhesives are mixed and processed to a stage where the resulting adhesive product is in a...

Many producers of adhesives and sealants have already integrated into production important considerations regarding the environmental impact of their products. Some of these considerations were likely made necessary by governmental regulations;...

Antioxidants are used in a variety of adhesive formulations to protect against degradation caused by reaction with atmospheric oxygen. Excessive oxidation generally results in undesirable changes in the adhesive's mechanical, aesthetic, or bonding...

Release liners based on silicone (PDMS) chemistry are used extensively in the tape market. Liners serve several useful functions: they are used as a carrier sheet onto which the adhesive is cast; they protect the adhesive during storage and transit;...

Today's high performance products demand high performance adhesives. Thus, assemblers are increasingly turning to multi-component reactive adhesives for improved quality and productivity. These adhesives offer performance properties often not...

Masonry may be made with concrete, bricks, concrete blocks, sometimes cellular concrete, according to the construction techniques in favor in each country. Although these materials do not have high coefficients of expansion, the movements of the...

Permeability is the measure of the ease with which a material can be penetrated by a given gas or liquid. The property applies to the passage of matter through a membrane or thin film such as an adhesive. When permeability becomes a criterion in...

Since first discovered in 1943, epoxy adhesives have gained a solid reputation in industries that require optimum performance and reliability. Epoxy adhesives are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, electrical / electronic, construction, and...

Gaskets play an important function in a variety of products from automobile engines to electronic housings. Gaskets are generally required to seal against outside elements and to prevent fluid leakage. Their function is critical to the product's...

Sealants are used to close a gap between two parts of the construction, which are frequently made of two different materials for instance: * a brick wall adjacent to a metal or a wood structure, such as figure 1, * a PVC window frame placed...

Contact adhesives are probably the best known of the solvent-based adhesives. They bond by a diffusion process sometimes referred to as autohesion. Contact adhesive formulations are prepared from an elastomeric polymer carried in solvent solution...

Many types of medical devices rely on adhesives for assembly. Medical device manufacturing requires that the final product exhibit maximum reliability and performance under many conditions that are not common in other industries. As a result...

In this section we will study the 4 chemical types of sealants which display elastomeric properties: * Polysulfide sealants, * Silicone sealants, * Polyurethane sealants, * MS Polymer sealants. These sealants may be considered as...

Silicone adhesives fill small but important niches in the pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) market. They are generally selected for the most demanding industrial applications because of their inherent resistance to temperature extremes, moisture,...

Introduction An extremely large and well-known class of adhesives is based on starch and dextrin. These play a very large part in industrial production, especially the packaging industry. Starch and dextrin are principally used for bonding paper... (3 Member Reactions)

Adhesives have historically played a significant role in laminating, bonding and assembling components of automotive interiors for both aesthetic and performance reasons. In 2001, approximately 96 mil. dry pounds of adhesive were consumed in...

Polyurethanes are extensively and successfully used as adhesives and sealants, and they have an excellent record of durability. However, they are susceptible to several common forms of environmental degradation. If used in the wrong application or...

The foaming of an adhesive within a joint is often an undesirable situation. However, in certain circumstances adhesives are purposely designed to foam or expand. There are several performance and production benefits that can be gained from an...

ln this part 3 we will classify and study sealants according to : * their chemical types, such as PU, polysulfides, silicones, acrylics..., * their elasticity which is the most important performance as we have seen in Sealants for...

Structural adhesives are designed for high strength, creep resistance, and resistance to harsh service environments such as high temperatures and chemicals. As a result, the base resins used in structural adhesive formulations tend to be highly...

The bonding of elastomeric substrates is often a difficult proposition. Not only is the viscoelastic nature of the elastomer critically important in achieving a reliable bond, but there are also significant chemical factors that much be considered....

"Abhesives" are films or coatings that are used to prevent or greatly decrease adhesion. An abherend is a surface that discourages adhesion. Abhesive materials are also often referred to as mold-release agents, non-stick surface coatings, parting...

Before we study the different types of construction sealants and their formulation, we must explain what are their technical characteristics and properties. A sealant when it is delivered in the original packaging (cartridges or sometimes drums) is...

The bonding of elastomeric substrates is often a difficult proposition. Not only is the viscoelastic nature of the elastomer critically important in achieving a reliable bond, but there are also significant chemical factors that much be considered....

There are many reasons why adhesive bonds fail. Close examination of failed adhesive joints can usually lead to an explanation of why the bond failure occurred. The investigator's "tool box" for determining the cause of adhesive failures generally...

Movements between elements of the construction and needs for improved sealants Before World war 2, buildings were built with traditional materials: concrete, bricks, sometimes wood, steel frames in the american skyscrapers, the construction was...

Seldom does a completely new market erupt where adhesives and sealants can play a critical part. Adhesives and sealants are necessary components in the wind turbines, photovoltaic modules, and fuel cells that are being developed to satisfy this... (1 Member Reaction)

Moisture surrounds us, and it is abundant and costs nothing. Wouldn't it be fantastic if moisture could be used as a component in curing adhesives and sealants? And even more amazing if the products would cure without mixing, evaporation of solvent,...

During the past year or two, many new resins and additives have been introduced on the market. Adding significantly to the adhesive formulator's toolbox, these new products can be used to build innovative adhesive systems meeting the demanding...

In the previous parts we have studied the various types of adhesives which are used in Construction and their technical characteristics. In this section we will review the structural end uses, ie the uses where the mechanical strength exceeds 5 to...

This second part of a two-part article will discuss how the nature of thermoplastic polymeric substrates affects adhesion. Characteristics of the bulk properties and surfaces of common thermoplastics will be discussed with regard to their bonding...

Polyurethane adhesives vary significantly in their composition and are used in many different applications in a broad range of market segments. Polyurethanes make good adhesives for several reasons: * Chemical bonding with water and hydroxyls on...

In the previous parts we have studied the various types of adhesives which are used in Construction, and their technical characteristics. In this last section we will review all the applications or end uses of bonding in Construction and civil...

Plastics are usually more difficult to bond than other substrates. The outcome of the bonding process may be as dependent on the plastic substrate as it is on the adhesive being used. This dependence is due to the plastic's unique surface properties...

Silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have been used for many years in areas where typical organic PSAs have failed. One of the most important uses is applications where large temperature extremes occur. The composition of silicone PSAs...

Odor, or rather the absence thereof, is gaining an increasing importance as selection criterion for adhesives. Typical examples in which this topic plays an important role include the hygiene, the building and the automotive industries. All types of...

Polymeric materials such as adhesives, sealants, and composites have been used considerably in the last several decades for the construction, repair, and rehabilitation of our transportation infrastructures. Even though most processes were...

During the past year or two, many new resins and additives have been introduced on the market. These add significantly to the adhesive formulators' toolbox. These new products can be used to build innovative adhesive systems meeting the demanding...

2 Types of adhesives are used in Construction: * Non structural adhesives, which are used to bond decorative materials, such as floor and wall coverings, and other materials which do not need very high strength (some panels, fiber and particle...

Cyanoacrylate adhesives became well known after their commercial introduction in the early 1970s in the consumer market. These unique products were initially referred to as "superglue". The name is well deserved since cyanoacrylate adhesives have...

Joint sealing plays an important part in the overall performance of many products - from automobile engine components to large buildings. The joint design should be as carefully selected and engineered as any other critical component in the product....

Two types of adhesives are used in construction: * Non structural adhesives, which are used to bond decorative materials, such as floor and wall coverings, and other materials which do not need very high strength ( some panels, fiber and...

There has been much discussion recently of nanotechnology and how it may revolutionize the chemical industry and provide advanced products as diverse as automotive and aerospace components, textiles, and drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has...

Certain important materials such as cast metal, powdered metal, plastic, and ceramic provide component parts that have inherent microporosity. These sub-surface pores occur naturally during processing of the part. They are generally the result of...

Some adhesives and sealants may provide only marginal adhesion to certain substrates. This could be due to the low surface energy of the substrate relative to the adhesive (e.g., epoxy bonding polyethylene) or to a cohesively weak boundary layer...

Construction ( of housings, plants, shops...) and civil engineering are the largest markets for adhesives, in tons and also in Euros, because large surfaces and thick joints are involved. In the past, bonding and sealing of traditional construction...

There are many processes involved in making a reliable adhesive bond, such as surface preparation, application of the adhesive, and final curing. These processes are critical and can make a fundamental difference in the quality of the bond and its...

Construction ( of housings, plants, shops... ) and civil engineering are the largest markets for adhesives, in tons and also in euros, because large surfaces and thick joints are involved. In the past, bonding and sealing of traditional construction...

As a general rule, all substrates must be treated in some manner prior to bonding if not to remove or prevent the formation of weak boundary layers then to provide a consistent and repeatable surface. Surface preparation can range from simple solvent...

In last week's SpecialChem4Adhesives article, the various means by which moisture can affect adhesive and sealant joints were examined. A number of consequences result from the ingress of moisture to an adhesive or sealant including plasticization of...

Moisture is the substance that causes the greatest difficulties in terms of environmental stability for many bonded or sealed joints. Water can be an exceptional problem because it is very polar and permeates most polymers. Other common fluids, such...

Thermosetting acrylic adhesives are structural adhesives that often compete with epoxy and urethane adhesives but have very unique characteristics of their own. Although they have been commercially available since the late 1960s and relegated to...

There are a variety of test methods used to indicate the "strength" of joints bonded with adhesives. These tests have been developed for a variety of needs ranging from the apparently simple, such as stickiness or "tack" of pressure sensitive...

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are formed by linear polymeric chains of segmented structure. They are prepared by the addition reaction of difunctional isocyanates, chain extenders and long-chain polyols. Most conventional TPUs are based on...

Polysulfide polymers, first marketed in 1929, are mature products that are used in specialty adhesive and sealant applications. These important materials seem to not receive much attention today due to their restricted use, especially as adhesives,... (1 Member Reaction)

Polymeric materials have several fundamental physical properties that are important in adhesion. These properties are controlled by the chemical structure of the base polymer from which the adhesive or sealant is made and from the various formulating...

Reactive acrylics are well-established structural adhesives in a wide range of industries and compete with adhesives like epoxies and polyurethanes. They are also called tough acrylics, toughened acrylics or second-generation acrylics (SGAs).... (1 Member Reaction)

For the first time ever, SpecialChem publishes a report on innovations in adhesives & sealants markets. This study, based on a survey carried out in March 2002 and answered by adhesives & sealants technical staff, will give a clear overview of...

Often one requires a bond or an adhesive that is not permanent, and the adhesive joint needs to be "debonded" at a predetermined time. Uses for nonpermanent adhesives include nonstructural applications such as removable labels, surface protection...

KRATON Polymers pioneered the styrene block copolymer (SBC) technology in the 1960s and has since been leading innovative developments in the field of SBCs. These copolymers are constructed using anionic polymerization technique that allows a high...

Composites can be assembled in different ways: * Metal inserts ( bolts, studs, fasteners ) may be embedded in the matrix resin during moulding, this is a smart technique which provides high mechanical strength, fast and easy installation, and...

Contact adhesives based on polychloroprene exhibit performance advantages over alternative adhesive systems in a wide variety of related applications where quick, high-strength, permanent bonds are needed. A significant advantage of contact adhesives...

Many applications for adhesives and sealants require high strength and durability at low temperatures. Many of these same applications also require resistance to thermal cycling between high and low operating temperatures. Unfortunately, the...

Resins are low molecular weight amorphous polymers. Their main applications are in adhesives, inks, and chewing gum. In adhesives, resins are used to generate tack and specific adhesion. Mostly they are used together with larger polymers, which form...

For an adhesive bond to be useful, it must not only withstand the mechanical forces that act on it, but it must also resist the elements to which it is exposed during service. One of the most degrading elements for organic adhesives is heat. Much has...

The design of the adhesive joint will play a significant factor in determining how it will survive service loads. Although it may be tempting to use joints originally intended for other methods of fastening, adhesives require joints of a special...

There are many industries where adhesives must perform several special functions in addition to their primary function of bonding or joining. These industries often have test methods, specifications, and nomenclature that are unique and somewhat...

Today, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) have a great importance either in industry or in our everyday life. They are the main components of labels, tapes, decals,... Their advantages are very important indeed: * dry form; * instantaneous...

Whenever you seal a box with packaging tape, leave yourself a "sticky" note, or peel an address label and apply it to an envelope, you realize one of the many advantages of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Yet these applications represent only a...

As a group, natural adhesives represent the oldest adhesives known to man. Throughout history, natural sources have dominated the adhesive formulators' stockpile of raw materials. In fact, it has only been since just before World War II that...

Michel Biron. Introduction What are SPUs? Why use SPU? How to obtain SPU. General guidelines for the formulation of a one-component SPUR sealant Effect of calcium carbonate filler Effect of adhesion promoter level Effect of adhesion promoter... (1 Member Reaction)

To insure that adhesives and sealants function well during their application and end-use, the formulator must be able to control the flow properties of the product. The challenge that faces the formulator is that the adhesive or sealant may need...

Tackifiers are a unique class of materials that are commonly used in certain adhesive formulations. They normally have low molecular weights and are resinous, but they have glass transition and softening temperatures that are often significantly...

There has been a growing concern that the pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) currently used in many products cause the "stickies" problem in the paper-recycling process and, therefore, are not environmentally friendly. Most of the earlier repulpable...

Today, hot melt technology has reached a high technical level. Many production processes could not be achieved without hot melts. The production of mail-order catalogs on fast-running perfect binders, the production of hygiene articles (e.g.,...

The increased use of adhesives and sealants in outdoor environments has created a need for better understanding and protection of these materials. Environmental factors, such as those shown below, can have significant detrimental effects on both...

Silanes are a group of specialty organofunctional compounds that possess dual reactivity. They can be used as additives, primers, and co-monomers in sealant applications. The silanes react chemically and promote adhesion: (1) between the base polymer...

Silanes are a group of specialty organofunctional compounds that possess dual reactivity. They can be used as additives, primers, and co-monomers in sealant applications. The silanes react chemically and promote adhesion: (1) between the base polymer...

Adhesive performance is largely determined by the underlying viscoelastic character of the adhesive. Electron beam (EB) curing of monomer-containing formulations results in rather significant changes in molecular weight and crosslinking with...

A reactive hot melt adhesive is any thermoplastic adhesive or sealant that can be applied at elevated temperatures as a liquid melt, cools to become a solid at room temperature, and then subsequently reacts to become a thermosetting polymer with... (1 Member Reaction)

In 2000, demand for emulsion polymers in the global adhesives industry totaled 1.9 million metric tons (dry basis), valued at $3.4 billion. (These totals exclude materials used as carpet adhesives and backings, primarily styrene- butadiene latex.)... (3 Member Reactions)

Resins are low molecular weight amorphous polymers. Their main applications are in adhesives, inks, and chewing gum. In adhesives, resins are used to generate tack and specific adhesion. Mostly they are used together with larger polymers, which form...

Pressure sensitive adhesives, when in the dry state, are aggressively tacky at room temperature and possess a high degree of "quick stick" or initial grab. They can adhere to a variety of dissimilar materials without the need for much more than...

Urethane-based thermoset polymers are used as adhesives and sealants because of their desirable chemical and mechanical properties. Often, these materials can be delivered as uncured resins of low viscosity and allowed to cure in situ, resulting in...

Resins are low molecular weight amorphous polymers. Their main applications are in adhesives, inks, and chewing gum. In adhesives, resins are used to generate tack and specific adhesion. Mostly they are used together with larger polymers, which form...

Radiation curing is a production technique for polymerizing and curing of adhesives through the use of radiant energy. The source of the radiant energy is generally electron beam (EB), ultraviolet (UV) light, or visible light. These forms of...

Raising Hot Melts to a New Level of Performance Today, three types of adhesive raw materials are used for pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs): solventborne acrylics and rubbers, aqueous dispersions, and SIS/SBS block-copolymer hot melts. Among...

Sealants are faced with a range of demands in the construction and glazing areas. These include joints in roadways and bridges, frame sealing, structural glazing, cladding, sanitary sealing and insulated glass unit assembly. Typical sealant polymer...

Three manufacturing technologies are widely used for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes: solution, emulsion and hot melt. A polymer dissolved in a solvent is known as a solution PSA, and a polymer emulsified or dispersed in water is know as an...

Despite the proven performance advantages of ultraviolet (UV)-cure pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), formulators have often been forced to seek alternative solutions due to the limited range of raw materials available and comparatively high...

Adhesive-coated polymeric films can be used in a variety of medical applications, including wound-care products, IV-site dressings, ostomy attachments, surgical drapes and other device attachments to the skin. They may also be used in the assembly of...

Isoltema, an Italian manufacturer of self-adhesive roofing membranes, is using KRATON D-KX220 polymer and KRATON D-1184 polymer in its Elotene waterproofing strips, and Ekobit waterproofing and sealing tapes. D-KX220 was used in the development of...

Silane-modified polypropylene oxides (SMPs), or MS Polymers, offer a wide range of physical properties and can be formulated into a variety of moisture-curable adhesives and sealants. Silane additives greatly influence the performance of SMP...

Epoxy adhesives have been utilized for decades in virtually all environments. Of particular interest to the electronics industry is a class of epoxies that conduct electricity. Electrically conductive adhesives are utilized in all types of...

Since their introduction in the late 1940s, epoxy resins have found widespread use in adhesives, sealants, flooring, paints and electrical applications. The versatility of epoxy-resin systems arises from the large number of combinations of epoxy...

Eastman did not get involved with rosins by chance. There was a plan, and there is a good fit with our overall business. Rosins and its derivatives are strategically important to our long-term growth. Our Beginnings The relationship with wood goes...

The Rubber Business Group of Bayer Corp. in Akron, Ohio, has introduced Levamelt, a new product that is on its way to defining a new class of raw materials for high-grade adhesives. Levamelt is the name for a series of ethylene-vinyl acetate...

Dispersions of pigments containing different ions have been studied in waterborne latices in which the polymer contains ionizable functional groups. Each system has been tested for related adhesion properties when coated on metallic substrates....

Ortho-phthalate polyols are useful raw materials in the synthesis of polyurethane coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers (C.A.S.E). Previous work has shown the advantages that these polyols offer in terms of hydrolytic stability based on their...

Since their first commercialization in the 1960s, styrenic block copolymers (SBC) have been the focus of continuous new developments for applications including adhesives, compounded rubber, footwear, thermoplastic-polymer modification, asphalt...

The first silicone sealants were one-part compounds that cured in the presence of atmospheric humidity, releasing small quantities of acetic acid. The market was quick to spot the excellent properties of these so-called acetoxy rubbers. However, it...

Mercaptans have been used commercially for over 25 years to cure epoxies. Despite the numerous epoxy hardeners on the market, the mercaptans provide some unique properties. The main one is their ability to cure epoxies rapidly at ambient temperature....

Although hot melt polyurethane reactive (HMPUR) adhesives have been available for 25 years, their novel properties and the development of diverse products have accelerated their recent growth. They are now found in many applications as products are... (1 Member Reaction)

Potentially available in a range of viscosities, this material offers the following key features: * Odorless sulfopolyester, * Readily dispersible in water, * Non-dispersible in ionic environments, and * Good adhesive performance...

In the rubber industry, carbon black is commonly used as filler to give reinforcing effects, such as altering the modulus or tensile strength of the rubber. In rubber-based adhesives, sealants and coatings, carbon black is used to enhance...

GE Plastics, Pittsfield, Mass., has announced an exceptionally low-molecular-weight (LMW) version of one of its core polymers — polyphenylene oxide, or PPO® resin — specifically created to serve as an additive that brings new functionality to...

Poly bd® resins, from Elf Atochem North America Inc., Philadelphia, are liquid, hydroxyl-terminated homopolymers of butadiene. The facile reaction of Poly bd resins with curing agents such as conventional di- and polyisocyanates provides an...

Some nonwoven materials have sufficient web strength after forming to be handled even if they are subsequently additionally bonded. Examples of such webs arise when a bonding step is an integral part of the web-forming process, as in spun-bond and...